Pop Tarts: No Fruit Necessary
The hosts explore the history and cultural impact of Pop-Tarts, tracing their origins from the Kellogg brothers' Battle Creek Sanitarium through the cereal wars between Kellogg's and Post to the invention of the toaster pastry. They detail how Pop-Tarts were rapidly developed in response to a competitor's idea, how the product evolved in flavor, form, and marketing, and how it became an iconic but nutritionally dubious, ultra-processed food. The episode also covers fire hazards, lawsuits, international ingredient differences, and the nostalgic pull Pop-Tarts still have for adults.
[Insert Your Own Catchy Title About Younger Dryas Here]
The hosts explain the Younger Dryas, a sudden return to near-ice age conditions about 12,900 years ago that interrupted the warming after the last glacial maximum. They describe what Earth was like during the preceding ice age and the brief warm Bølling-Allerød interstadial, how the Younger Dryas abruptly cooled the Northern Hemisphere while warming much of the Southern Hemisphere, and how this affected humans, megafauna, and early agriculture. They then walk through the main scientific hypotheses for what triggered the event and close by noting how its abrupt end opened into the Holocene, when agriculture and complex civilizations emerged.
How refrigeration took over the world
The episode explores how refrigeration and the modern cold chain emerged, from Gustavus Swift's centralized meatpacking and refrigerated railcars to the scientific work of chemist M.E. "Polly" Pennington, who standardized safe temperatures and built public trust in chilled foods. Hosts and guest Nicola Twilley trace how continuous refrigeration reshaped agriculture, consumer expectations of freshness, women's household labor, and even geopolitical events like war logistics and Irish independence. They also examine the downsides of a cold-dependent food system, including diminished flavor, shifted food waste, and significant climate-warming emissions, along with potential efficiency improvements.
SYSK's Fall True Crime Playlist: How The Great Train Robbery Worked
Josh Clark and Charles W. "Chuck" Bryant walk through the 1963 Great Train Robbery in the UK, in which a gang robbed the Glasgow-to-London mail train of around £2.6 million without using guns. They explain how the plan came together, how the heist was executed, the role of the inside man, and how forensic mistakes at a rural hideout helped police track the robbers. The hosts also cover the dramatic trials, harsh sentences, escapes and long years on the run-especially Ronald Biggs-along with the robbery's cultural legacy and a closing listener segment about fermented horse milk (kumis).