Josh and Chuck discuss what nuclear waste actually is, how it is produced in nuclear reactors, and the different forms it takes. They explain current storage methods like spent fuel pools and dry casks, national and international strategies for long-term disposal including Finland's deep geological repository, and the stalled Yucca Mountain project in the U.S. They also explore emerging ideas such as recycling spent fuel, transmutation, vitrification into glass or ceramics, and touch on policy, security risks, and connections to artificial intelligence-driven demand for nuclear energy.